Applications: Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

Alternative Chemistries - Sodium-Ion, Iron Air And Flow Batteries Although Li-ion occupies approximately 98% of the BESS market, there are several competing chemistries vying to become leaders based on improvements in cost, safety performance and duration. See more on these technologies in the Non-lithium Chemistries section.

SODIUMION NAION

FLOW BATTERIES

METAL AIR

Intended for 210 hour grid storage, residential storage, and lead-acid replacement

Intended for 624hr energy storage to stabilize grid & provide peak shifting/load shifting capability

Intended for use cases up to 100hr to provide dispatchable capacity for seasonal storage

KEY 2024 DEVELOPMENTS

BYD launched a BESS long blade Na-ion cell 90 Wh/kg) for large-scale grid applications

Hithium launched a sodium-ion cell specifically for utility-scale storage

CATL announced a combined Li-ion/ Na-ion battery cell

DOE announced a $50m grant to advance research in Na-ion battery cell technology

KEY 2024 DEVELOPMENTS: Total global flow battery capacity increased to 40 GWh

Vanadium VFRB Large capacity additions were made in Asia, including a 700 MWh project in China.

Iron Flow: 2 GWh in iron flow deployment was announced in California and 3 GWh in Australia.

KEY 2024 DEVELOPMENTS

Iron-Air: Form Energy raised $405M in its Series F round. Upcoming 1.5 MW/150 MWh project with Minnesota utility Great River Energy GRE) in 2025.

Nickel/Hydrogen: EnerVenue raised $515M and announced pilot project in Milwaukee for its 212hr duration batteries

Sources: https://vanitec.org/latest-from-vanitec/article/china-sees-surge-in-100mwh-vanadium-flow-battery-energy-storage-projects

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.