Chemistry: Cathode

Lithium Cobalt Oxide LCO Basic Information Lithium cobalt oxide remains the leading cathode material for lithium-ion batteries in portable electronics due to its high specific capacity and stable discharge platform. As the demand for higher energy density and longer cycle life increases, raising the working voltage has emerged as the most effective solution. By increasing the charge cut-off voltage above 4.4V, more lithium is extracted, enabling additional Li+ ions to contribute to the de-intercalation process and significantly boosting practical capacity. High-voltage LCO is increasingly in demand for advanced consumer electronics, drones, and energy supply solutions for AI centers and supercomputers.

Limit Voltage V

Capacity (mAh/g)

Average Cell Voltage V

In mid-2023, Shanghai Metals Market SMM) began publishing prices for high-voltage LCO to enhance market transparency and help upstream and downstream industries manage price fluctuations and risks. This move reflects the maturation of high-voltage LCO technology and the increasing demand for higher energy density in advanced electronic applications.

Voltage V

Price USD/mt 01/03/25

Specific Energy Wh/kg

Specific Energy Wh/L

Increase % Source: Wu et al. J. Energy Chem. 2022, SMM1, SMM2

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