Chemistry: Non-Lithium Chemistries

Key Findings From Na-ion vs Li-ion – ARC / Thermal Ramp Testing

Na-ion layered oxide NFM) show similar thermal runaway properties 1 ̊C / min) to Li-ion NMC/NCA.

1.5 Ah Na-ion NFM

1.5 Ah Li-ion NMC

Na-ion polyanion NVPF) and Prussian blue avoids thermal runaway 1 ̊C / min).

Na-ion Prussian blue generates hydrogen cyanide during cell abuse.

Thermal runaway risk is correlated to energy density / cell capacity.

Source: Alex M. Bates and Loraine Torres-Castro, Sandia National Laboratories

Thermal runaway

Source: Rachel Carter, Gordon Waller, Connor Jacob, Dillon Hayman and Corey Love, US Naval Research Laboratory

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.