Chemistry: Non-Lithium Chemistries

Redox Flow Batteries Redox flow batteries RFBs come in variations in form factor and chemistry giving a wide range of performance leading in long lifetime and safety and opportunity for advancement. TRADITIONAL RFBS

HYBRID RFBS

REDOX TARGETING RFBS

METAL AIR

VALUES AS OF 20231

TRADITIONAL RFB

METAL AIR

Cell-level energy density

2230 Wh/kg

20 Wh/kg Fe-air 150300Wh/kg Zn-air

Volumetric energy density

3040 Wh/L

28 Wh/L Fe-air 100200 Wh/L Zn-air

Cycle life

Calendar life

20 years

25 years

Efficiency

Non-flammable

Non-flammable, high sustainability

Other Features

Sources: DOE Flow Battery Technology Assessment; Fraunhofer Institute Alternative Battery Technologies Roadmap 2030+

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.