Lithium-Ion: Anode

Particle coating mitigation strategies are aimed at accommodating the extensive volume expansion of silicon 320%) and thereby minimizing particle cracking/ pulverization, which can lead to loss of electrical contact and/or low active material utilization and therefore low capacity retention. The following articles highlight recent publications that employ three of the most commonly-used particle coating mitigation strategies:

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Unlocking The Use Of Silicon-Containing Anodes Via Different Techniques Volume expansion in the silicon anode leads to severe degradation of cycling performance during lithiation/ delithiation, so various techniques are under consideration for improving the performance of silicon-containing anodes.

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES Li et al. 1] employed a ball-mill method to systematically create various high-entropy silicon-metal particles from SiP spherulites and thus generating various lithium-storing active materials from the silicon base. Of these, InZnSiP3 achieved a capacity of 720 mAh g1 after 1500 cycles 2 Ag1) and maintained a similar capacity at a high C-rate 10 A g1).

Sun et al. 2] created a biomimetic 3D interwoven conductive binder employing PAA as a backbone and PEG/PEI as connections that mitigated Li+ resistance and relieved volumetric lithiation stress. A rate capability of 1900 mAh g1 was achieved at 8.0 A g1 and a capacity retention of 85%+ for 150 cycles at a high areal capacity loading 3 mAh cm1).

Sources: 1 Li et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024; 2 Sun et al, Nano Lett, 2024; 3 Wu et al. Small. 2024; 4 Choi and Aurbach. Nat. Rev. Matter. 2016

Wu et al. 3] synthesized a yolk-shell architecture from microsized silicon particles using an alkali etch step that creates a void on the surface of the silicon between a double-walled “shellˮ layer to better accommodate the volume expansions. This strategy allowed for a high capacity-retention of 95% after 100 cycles in a full cell.

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