VFBATTERY REPORT

2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020

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Overview · 518 pages Cover and introduction1

Industry

Overview5 Notable Events7 Industry Value Chain21 Finance40 Costs57 Cell & Pack Manufacturing69 Applications104 Electric Vehicles (EV)106 Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)137 Other174 Safety187 Legal195 Chemistry198 Cathode203 Anode233 Electrolyte & Separator250 Solid State259 Lithium-Sulphur269 Non-Lithium Chemistries277 Supply Chain & Raw Materials300 Recycling & Reuse317 Software331

Academia

Overview354 Macro Research Trends356 Seminal Literature360 Lithium-Ion: Cathode370 Lithium-Ion: Anode377 Lithium-Ion: Electrolyte383 Sodium Ion390 New & Alternative Chemistries397 Fast & Extreme Fast Charging404 Fundamentals408 Life Prediction and Modelling413 Testing & Analysis Techniques420 Recycling426 Battery Safety429

Talent

Overview431 Battery Talent Census435 H1B Analysis466 Educational Resources473

Policy

Overview483 North America489 Europe497 Asia505 South America508

Predictions

The Next 12 Months510

Closing pages512

Battery Report 2024

Cover and introduction

Pages 1–4 (4 pages)

p.4Page 4 · 4 of 4 in cover and introduction

Battery Report 2024, page 4: Cover and introduction

Page 4 · 4/4

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