Supply Chain
Pages 99–107 (9 pages)
Text on page 101
Breakdown of minerals in an EV battery in 2020, from TNE
Supply Chain Geography: China is the largest processor of lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, as well as the top producer of battery cell components and cells by a wide margin. The country is also the largest producer of graphite. Europe and the U.S. have plans to play larger roles in battery manufacturing, but the IEA expects China to remain the dominant play through 2030.
Battery Metals Mix: According to the U.K.-based Transportation and Environment, the average EV battery with a 60kWh capacity (i.e., the same size as that in Chevy Bolt) contained about 185 kg of materials in 2020. Graphite, aluminum, nickel and copper were the top materials by weight.
Industry: Supply Chain Source: Transport and Environment (via Visual Capitalist), International Energy Agency. Note: Li = lithium, Ni = nickel, Co = cobalt, Gr = graphite.
Volta Foundation
Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.
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