Manufacturing

3D-printed carbon anode

3D-printed MoS2 foam anode

Technique: Stereolithography (SLA) Key achievement: 21.3mAh/cm2 @ 98 mg/cm2 Challenges/scalability: 50 um light penetration depth in carbon, 36mm/hour with micro surface finish, low capacity utilization

Technique: Polylactic acid (PLA) extrusion, 3D printing Key achievement: 77 mAh/g in 1-mm thick electrode Challenges/scalability: Print speed only 200 mm/h, low capacity utilization

Technique: Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 3D printing Key achievement: 1200 mAh/g @ 5 A/g Challenges/scalability: MoS2 is scalable but not a commercialized anode, low volumetric energy density

Research: Manufacturing Source: Katsuyama, Kudo, Kobayashi, Han, Chen, Honma, and Kaner; Park and Fu; Wei, Lin, Wu, Qaiser, Cai, Lu, Qi, Fu, Chiang, Yang, Ding, Ali, Xu, et al.

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.