Supply Chain

Natural

Synthetic

Price Range ($/kg)

Global warming potential (kg Co2 eq./ kg of graphite anode)

7 (China average)

14 (China average) 24 (Inner Mongolia)

*Production location plays huge factor in carbon intensity depending on energy source used

*Electricity price fluctuations has huge impact on manufacturing costs

Industry: Supply Chain Source: Noveau Monde, East Asia Qinghai Securities Co., Ltd, Benchmark Minerals

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.