Recycling

Consumer Households

Start

Bring used EV to qualified service provider

Upon battery depletion

Battery/ Energy Tech Firms

EV/ Battery Manufacturers

Remove used battery from EV

Upon battery depletion

Ship used battery to EV / battery manufacturer

Upon battery depletion

Purchase repurposed EV battery for power transmission, storage, charging etc. Repurpose for corporate

End Repurpose for infrastructure

Sell to an EV manufacturer or produce a new EV

Produce new battery using recovered materials

Optional activity

Options

Flow used EV battery (Material)

Battery Recyclers

Recover raw material from used battery

Collaborate to dismantle test and refabricate used battery

Purchase repurposed EV Battery for home backup energy storage

Typical activity

Governments

Ship used battery to battery recycler

Pay fees to external battery recycler

Reproduce before recycling

Provide EV owner credit for returned battery

Other Businesses

Start

Industry: Recycling *Source: Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling, Graphic credits: Benchmark Mineral Intelligence

Upon battery depletion

Purchase repurposed EV battery for building charging stations, powering street lights, and supply electricity in remote areas Establish and enforce regulations whilst providing incentives to parties involved

Sell raw materials to EV/ battery manufacturer

End

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.