Manufacturing

Cell Manufacturing

Module/Pack Manufacturing

On-Site (Collocated) Suppliers

Close-distance Suppliers

International Suppliers

Can suppliers: Readily produced cans have very low packing efficiency in transport and often are stamped/formed on-site. Electrolyte suppliers: Final mixing of electrolyte is often connected by pipeline to the cell factory, to ensure optimal electrolyte quality.

CAM Suppliers: CAM makes up a large part of cell weight. Large volume of material inputs require short logistic routes. Module & Pack Assembly: Transport of cells comes with special transport regulations and high costs. Large-scale operations tend to place module & pack close to cell production. Recyclers: Waste from battery production can ideally be used in a closed loop. Recyclers benefit in two ways: short way from an important input source and short way to a main customer.

Raw Material Suppliers: Raw material supplies are bound by natural reserves. Raw material supply will remain as a international supply chain. Equipment Suppliers: Cost pressure and supply constraints keep equipment supply on an international level. Foil Suppliers: Metal foils are supplied mainly from Asia and can be handled efficiently in transport but with supply chain risk.

Candidates For Supplier Colocation

Larger cell factories and supply constraints push for more localized supply chains. 128

Industry: Manufacturing

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.