Cell Chemistry Development

LFP Strength

Safety

Good cycle life

Abundance of iron

LFP Weakness

Weight

Energy density

Low temperature performance

Weak material supply chain

LFP Opportunity

Low/mid-range/entry -level EVs

e-Bus, e-Bicycle

Stationary storage

Cost sensitive applications

NMC Strength

Energy density

Low temperature performance

Power

Strong battery supply chain

High recycle value

(material demand > supply)

Power

Difficult to read state of charge

Low recycle value

Cost (*2022) NMC Weakness

Cost

Safety

Ni/Co supply chain

NMC Opportunity

Long range/high-end EVs

Stationary storage

e-Bus, e-Bicycle, e-Motorcycle

Power tools / performance sensitive applications

T LFP Threat

NMC/high-voltage LNMO

Na-ion battery

Regulations on energy density

Increasing material cost NMC Threat

LFP/high-voltage spinel LNMO

Increasing raw material cost

Industry: Cell Chemistry Development Source: LFP Pros and Cons, PNNL’s LFP vs. NMC Comparison, Eco Tree Lithium’s LFP vs. NMC Comparison, BatteryBits,

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.