Cell Chemistry Development

S LCO Strength

Energy density

Weight

Rate capability LFP Strength

Safety

Cycle Life (1500-2000 Cycles)

Abundance of iron

W LCO Weakness

Cycle life (500 cycles)

Safety

Low discharge current

Cost (*2022) LFP Weakness

Weight

Energy density

Low temperature performance

Power

Cost (*2022)

O LCO Opportunity

VR headsets

Compact, portable drones

Small portable electronics LFP Opportunity

Low/mid-range/entry -level EVs

e-Bus, e-Bicycle

Stationary storage

Cost sensitive applications

Industry: Cell Chemistry Development Source: LCO Overview, LFP Pros and Cons, LCO vs LFP, LCO Life Cycle, Congo’s Cobalt Controversy,

T LCO Threat

Increasing material cost

Geopolitical risk (DRC)

Regulations on cobalt mining LFP Threat

NMC/high-voltage LNMO

Na-ion battery

Regulations on energy density

Increasing material cost

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.