Cell Chemistry Development

S Li-S Strength

Cost

Safety

Specific energy

Abundance of sulfur

NMC Strength

Energy density

Low temperature performance

Power

Strong supply chain

High recycle value

W Li-S Weakness

Cycle life

Energy density

Battery supply chain

Power

Difficult to read state of charge NMC Weakness

Cost

Safety

Ni/Co supply chain

Industry: Cell Chemistry Development Source: OY Research

O Li-S Opportunity

Low/mid-range/entry-level EV’s

e-Bus

e-Trucking

Cost sensitive applications NMC Opportunity

Long range/High-end EVs

Stationary storage

e-Bus, e-Bike, e-Motorcycle

Power tools/performance sensitive applications

T Li-S Threat

NMC/high-voltage LNMO

Na-ion battery

Regulations on energy density and pack cycle life

Increasing material cost NMC Threat

LFP/high-voltage LNMO

Increasing raw material cost

Volta Foundation

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.