Applications

Applications

Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) | Trends By Type Of Vehicle

Off Highway Vehicles growing adoption of electrified propulsion systems, with some technology transfer from Commercial Vehicles facilitating adoption

Largest machines account for <1% of units but 20% fuel/energy demand Construction, Mining & Quarrying, Materials Handling and Agriculture make up majority of Non-Road Machinery globally. Total industry units are circa 4.4M in 2023 Energy requirements dependent on size, application and hours used, with most vehicles housing >100kWh battery Batteries need high-cycle-life chemistries, with mix of energy/power for energy recovery Number of electric machine models available globally increased 50% between 2021 and 2023

Typical Battery Capacity & Equipment Size 10-50 kWh

Handheld/ Extra-Compact

Equipment Types (Examples)

Power/ Voltage

Technology Transfer

Model Availability

Compaction, Dumpers, Lawn care

48V <19 kW

Passenger Car Forklift

AG - 16 CE - 43 MH - 2

Mini-Excavators, Compact Wheel-Loaders, Compact Tractors, Asphalt Finishers, Forklift

48-90V 19-75 kW

Light Commercial Vehicle

AG - 40 CE - 110 MH - 11 Others - 9

Wheeled, Crawler Excavators, Skid-Steer, Compact Tracked Loaders, Telehandlers, Wheel-Loaders

100-300V 75-225 kW

Medium Truck

Crawler Excavators, Wheel-Loaders, Crushers, Screens, Port-Handling, Mobile Cranes, Piling Rigs

400-1000V 225-560 kW

Heavy Truck Bespoke NRMM

AG - 6 CE - 34 MH - 8 Others - 35

Mining Dump Trucks, Marine, Rail

>1000V >560 KW

Bespoke NRMM

CE/Mining - 32 Others - 3

50-100 kWh Compact

100-300 kWh Mid-Sized

0.3-1 MWh Large

>1 MWh

Extra-Large

CE - Construction, AG - Agricultural, MH - Material Handling

Source: KGP-Off-Highway Research Global Non-Road Powertrain Forecast xEV Module November 2023, CECE Summit 2023

AG - 14 CE - 86 MH - 19 Others - 4

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.