Cell & Pack Manufacturing

Manufacturing Process Map - Overview Mixing

Cathode and anode slurries are made

Coating & Drying Slurries are coated onto the current collector

Cell Capacity

Cylindrical or Wound Prismatic Winding - components are wound into a jelly roll Electrolyte is injected

Prismatic: 1200 Ah Pouch: 1100 Ah 2170 36 Ah 4680 1525 Ah

Physical Inspection CT and/or X-Ray

Calendering Electrodes are densified

Formation

Batteries are charged and discharged

CAPEX* $55150 million/GWh

Aging

Electrochemical performance is monitored

SCRAP RAMP UP

Degassing

Gas in the battery is removed (pouch & prismatic only)

Slitting & Notching

Electrical Inspection

Electrodes are cut into simulated segments for stacked cells or into pancake rolls for wound cells

OCV, ACIR, and capacity (often partial-cap tests)

Stacked Pouch or Prismatic Components are laminated & stacked Electrolyte is injected

Note: Graphics courtesy of LG Energy Solution. Reproduced with permission.

Scrap remains high in ramp-up, mainly due to electrode quality. See QC/analytics slides for example detection points & solutions. CAPEX reflects tooling only. The higher end of the range is driven by the fact that most equipment is sourced from Asia and is subject to significant import tariffs.

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.