Cell & Pack Manufacturing

Architecture, Process, and Performance. A Comparative Framework - Prismatic Wound, ZStacked Cont. 2 OF 2 CELL PROCESS & COMMERCIAL IMPLICATIONS

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CapEx

Winding process is twice as fast as stacking. This decreases both the equipment purchase cost and the factory floor space & conveyance. This combined with the complexity & size of the stacking equipment, net CapEx could be 34x more for stacking compared to winding.

Component Cost

Lamination separators have a PVDF coating to help with layer adhesion and increases the cost of the separator by 2x. This is often overlooked when cell architecture decisions.

Op Ex

Complexity of the stacking process increases failure modes and results in lower yields, higher downtime. Increased equipment count also results in need for higher number of skilled operators. This can be challenging in countries with limited talent pool.

Future Proofing

Solid state cells with oxide/ceramic based brittle electrolytes can be incompatible with winding. Investing in stacking technology would future proof companies as they transition to solid state architectures.

Source: sciencedirect, medium, xiaoweitop, tobmachine

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.