Applications: Stationary Energy Storage

Mapping LDES Technologies Across Durations

Duration

Representative technologies

Minimum deployment size, MW

Nominal duration, hrs

Representative OEMs

Inter-day

Traditional pumped hydro PSH

Andritz AG, General electric 24+ hrs)

Novel pumped hydro

Quidnet energy 10+hrs

Gravity-based

Energy Vault218 hrs)

Compressed air CAES

Hydrostor8+hrs

Liquid air LAES

High view power 6+ hrs

Liquid CO2

Energy dome824 hrs)

Sensible heat (e.g. molten salts, rock material, concrete)

Rondo energy, Antora24+ hrs)

Latent heat (aluminium alloy)

MGA thermal(multi-days)

Aqueous electrolyte (flow batteries)

Invinity energy systems,cell cube 212) hrs

Metal anode batteries

Form energy100+ hrs)

Multi-day/ multi-week

Source: LDES Scoping Report

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.