Cell Design and Materials: Solid-State

Why Solid-state Battery Technology Solid-State Battery: Represent a high-impact but high-complexity transition requiring coordinated advances in materials, interfaces, and manufacturing. Demand Drivers:

Applications: Growing demand for compact, safe, high-energy batteries across EVs, consumer electronics, etc

Safety: Reduced flammability risk relative to liquid electrolytes; improved mechanical robustness

Energy Density: Theoretical potential for 400 Wh/kg enabled by lithium-metal anodes (architecture-dependent) Key Challenges:

Interface stability: Chemical reactions, void formation, and impedance growth at solid–solid interfaces

Manufacturability: Scaling defect-free thin films and multilayer stacks with dry processing and lamination

Cost: High purity precursor requirements and complex processing remain cost barriers

Source: Liu, Y., Huang, Y., Li, H., Peng, Z., & Zhang, H. Journal of Power Sources, 2025

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