Cell Design and Materials: Solid-State

Manufacturing: Process R&D Innovations Manufacturing pathways for solid-state batteries diverge sharply between near-term semi-solid approaches that leverage Li-ion infrastructure and longer-term all-solid-state architectures requiring fundamentally new processes and tooling.

Anode Processing Lithium Anode:

Li-Cu rolling process

Physical Vapor Deposition & Thermal evaporation

Other advanced methods

In situ Li formation (anode-less variants) Alternative Anodes:

Conventional slurry coating

Dry/solvent-free coating processes

Cathodes

Electrolyte Integration Semi solid-state

Electrolyte filling/in-situ polymerisation

Separator impregnation techniques All Solid state:

Direct electrolyte coating onto electrodes

Separate electrolyte layer fabrication with pick-and-place stacking

Battery Assembly Process & Misc.

Source: Summarised from previous scientific research outputs and industrial public materials (press releases, official website informations, etc.)

Conventional slurry -based coating Dry/solvent-free cathode processing

Adaptation of conventional Li-ion assembly for semi-SSB platforms to enable modular pilot lines Purpose-built stacking and pick-and-place architectures for all-solid-state cells Automated in-line inspection and AI-driven quality control for real-time process monitoring and yield optimization

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.