Cell Design and Materials: Sodium-Ion

Factory Throughput & Cost Effects of Low Wh/L

Reference: Li-ion LFP) factory with capacity: 10 GWh/yr Produces Na-ion Layered oxide) with capacity: 7.4 GWh/yr Produces Na-ion (Polyanionic) with capacity: 4.8 GWh/yr

Cell production throughput is unit / yr based Material density (g/cc) and cell VED Wh/L directly affect throughput and fixed costs / unit While low energy density does not affect applications such as BESS, its impacts production Innovations to improve g/cc and Wh/L are vital

Na-ion Polyanion): 155 to 170 Ah 167 to 187 Wh/L 52% throughput penalty

Na-ion Layered oxide): 210 to 240 Ah 252 to 288 Wh/L 26% throughput penalty

Li-ion (LFP) cell: 314 Ah 390 Wh/L Reference

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.