Cell Design and Materials: Alternative Chemistries

LTO Industry Players Unlike graphite- or nickel-dependent NMC and LFP cells, LTO cells face a distinct supply-chain risk centered on the titanium value chain. While the absence of cobalt and graphite - common bottlenecks in other Li-ion chemistries - initially positioned LTOLMO cells as politically stable in 2023 supply-risk assessments, this advantage is partially offset by LTO's elevated demand for both lithium and titanium. Both elements carry significant criticality scores and environmental extraction costs.

Americas

EMEA

Source Sustainable Materials and Technologies; Toshiba, Altairnano, Targray, Microvast, Leclanche, Gree, nichicon, Grinergy, Zenaji, Saft, Ampowr

Asia - Pacific

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.