VFBATTERY REPORT

Supply Chain: Upstream and Midstream

Pages 419–438 (20 pages)

Battery Report 2025, page 419: Supply Chain: Upstream and Midstream
Text on page 419

Notable Events Industry Value Chain Finance Costs Cell & Pack Manufacturing Applications EV Stationary Energy Storage Data Centers Aviation, Drones, Space Robotics Other Safety Cell Design and Materials Li-Ion Lithium Sulfur Solid-state Sodium-ion Alternative Chemistries Supply Chain Upstream and Midstream Recycling & Secondary Markets Software / AI

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.

Page 419 · 1/20