History

Chinaʼs Industrial and Technological Strategy Evolved Through Key Eras 20002005 Foundation

20052010 Trial Phase

Highlight

No EV Industry Yet

Tech Status

20102015 Scale-up

20152020 Engineering Peak

20182022 Storage Boom

20202025 System Innovation

20232025 Circularity

Functional, but Engineering > not Research competitive

Safety Risks

Lifespan > Density

System > Chemistry

Recycling = Profit

Mature + Scale Mfg. 3C

Usable but Immature

Mass Production Ready

Engineering at its Limits

Low-Cost Priority

Non-Material Driven

Economic Driven

Core Technologies

NiMH/ Lead-acid Small Li-ion 3C

Early LFP & NCM111 Power System Prototypes

LFP Power Batteries NCM523/622 BMS Engineering

High-nickel NCM811 High-compaction LFP CTP Structures

Storage-specific LFP Containerized Systems EMS Integration

CTC/CTP Systems High-speed Coating Solid-state Pilot

Industrial Recycling Recycled Material Loop Responsibility Chain

Commercial Results

3C Electronics Era Global Mfg Hub

Public Transit Demos Govt-Driven Projects

EV Mass Production Full Supply Chain

400600km Range Global Market Leader

Grid-side Storage Exponential Growth

Extreme Efficiency System-level Safety

Resource Security Cost-control Loop

Strategic Focus

Yield & Cost

Validation

Subsidies

Performance

LCOS

Structures

Value

Source: CNESAES RESEARCH Energy Storage Industry Research White Paper

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.