Supply Chain

Closer Battery-Automaker Collaboration: Joint Ventures, Co-development and Vertical Integration Chinese battery–automaker partnerships are deepening: Joint ventures remain the dominant early- to mid-stage collaboration model, particularly with state-owned automakers such as SAIC, GAC, Dongfeng, and FAW, leveraging strong capital support to build dedicated cell or pack capacity. This JV model continues to expand, with projects including CATLChangʼan 2022, CATLBAIC 2024, and CALBLeapmotor 2025 progressing steadily.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF BATTERY MANUFACTURING PLANTS AND SELECTED CHINESE AUTOMAKER HEADQUARTERS

Beyond formal JVs, battery manufacturers also co-develop automaker-specific cells, such as Gotionʼs Volkswagen-standard batteries. In parallel, some full-stack automakers are vertically integrating battery production: FinDreams supplies BYD and third-party OEMs, while Geely consolidated its battery operations in 2024 under Jiyao Tongxing. DOMESTIC BATTERY MANUFACTURING CAPACITY BY OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

GWh Note: This chart includes only operating and under-construction capacity.

Source: New Energy Terminal

Extracted from the PDF; charts and images may read imperfectly.