Solid State Batteries

Solid Reductive-electrophile Interphase SREI Layers

Reductive electrophiles form thin, electron-blocking interphases SREIs on solid-state electrolyte surfaces. This interphase suppresses lithium dendrite growth and prevents SSE degradation - improving stability and reversibility by separating the Li metal from the SSE.

SREI-protected ASSLMBs can deliver 4,500 cycles at a moderate loading of 1.3 mAh cm2 and over 600 cycles at a high loading of 7.1 mAh cm2 at 30 °C and 2.5 MPa.

Schematic of the “electrochemical electrophile reductionˮ strategy.

Potential benefits of SREIs also apply to metal oxide cathodes by extending their stable operating voltage up to 4.5 V, offering a scalable, self-limiting alternative to thick artificial interlayers or a high-pressure assembly.

A highly lithiophobic and electron-blocking all-inorganic LiFLixPyOzF LPF) layer was generated on the surface of sulfide SSE particles to improve electrochemical stability for both the cathode and anode. Electrochemical performance of LPSC with DPF and LPSC without DPF. a) Rate performance data and cycling performance b) at 2C, c) 3.5 mAh cm2 loading, and d) 7.1 mAh cm2 loading. Source: Nature Materials 24.3 2025 414423.

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