Battery Management System (BMS)

Wireless Transmission of Internal Hazard Signals

Conventional BMS only “seesˮ surface signals; many internal thermal/mechanical failures stay invisible until itʼs too late. This work first shows a practical, integrable sensor to monitor internal hazard signals in commercial cells with minimal impact on performance. Embed ultrathin temperature and strain sensors plus a tiny chip on current collectors; use the cell tabs for power-line communication (no extra wires or feedthroughs). Internal temperature/strain mapping reveals strong non-uniformity and detects electrode fractures and internal short-circuit events much earlier than surface voltage/temperature, providing valuable extra warning time for safety control.

Wireless internal sensing provides a fundamentally new and direct window into battery safety, enabling earlier and more informative detection of internal thermal and mechanical hazards than conventional surface-based BMS signals.

Source: Fan et al. Nature volume 641, pages 639645 2025.

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