North America

US, Canada and Mexico Critical Mineral and Battery Supply Chain Priorities U.S. - Canada Cooperation: DPA Title III The Defense Production Act DPA Title III defines “domestic sourceˮ as Canada, the UK, and Australia, in addition to the U.S.. Canadian companies are therefore eligible to receive financial support in the form of grants, loan guarantees, subsidies, and offtake agreements. This authority has been used for decades and remains a key tool in building out allied industrial base capacity. In 2023, the U.S. announced $250 million in Defense Production Act DPA funding for U.S. and Canadian companies to mine and process critical minerals for batteries. In 2024, DoD invested $20 million into Canadian company Electra Battery Materials to build out and commission North Americaʼs only cobalt sulfate refinery in Ontario. Mexico Mexicoʼs investment in battery supply chains is comparatively less comprehensive than that of the U.S. and Canada. Mexicoʼs 2026 budget limits investment in critical minerals, including lithium, and President Sheinbaum has stated that Mexico will not grant new mining concessions.

Source: Solar Energy Industries Association

Canada Canada offers several tools to support upstream and midstream battery supply chains, including the Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund CMIF; Critical Minerals Research Development and Demonstration CMRDD; Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund CMIF – Indigenous Grants; Critical Minerals Geoscience and Data CMGD; and Canada First and Last Mile Fund. March 2025 Canada announces 32 projects representing up to $50 million to support Canadaʼs critical mineral value chains, in alignment with the Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy August 2025 NRCan invests $6,225,000 to support Graphite Nordiqueʼs Lac-des-Îles expansion project for natural graphite mining. October 2025 Canada announces 26 new investments, partnerships and measures to accelerate and unlock $6.4 billion of critical minerals projects.

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